Phthalocyanines (Pc) are the general term for compounds that contain the tetrabenzotetraazaporphine (H₂-Pc) ring, which is the porphyrin analog and metal phthalocyanines (M-Pc). M-Pc has attractive physical properties associated with there structures, and this has led to a broad spectrum of studies being done on synthetic methods and properties. Amongst the many synthetic methods, ones using 1,2-dicyanobenzene or 1,3-diiminoisoindoline, are the most common, since these methods produce the products in high purity.¹⁾ M-Pc possesses a large delocalized π electron system due to the tetraazaporphine ring, which leads to interesting and useful photochemical properties. The photochemical and photophysical properties of these systems have been studied extensively, and some of these compounds have been put to practical use. The weather-resistant blue and green pigments are one example, and in other examples, the photoelectric properties have been applied to optical memory disks, luminescent devices and solar batteries. M-Pc is also utilized as carrier-generation-layer of electrophotographic photoconductor.²⁾ Furthermore, M-Pc has redox properties which find use as an electrochromic material³⁾, which results in a reversible discoloration phenomenon caused by changing the applied electric potential. M-Pc is also used as a deodorant and antibacterial agent by selection of the appropriate central metals and the making of pendant-type polymers.¹⁾ In other examples, M-Pc has uses in M-Pc derivative sensor⁴⁾, liquid crystal⁵⁾, photochemical therapy for cancer and many others. M-Pc is the functional material of the 21st-Century, and more is anticipated upon further research and development.

Phthalonitriles

Naphthalonitriles

Others

Phthalocyanines

Phthalonitriles

T0988	D2079	D1610
N0566	D2189	D1983
C1163	A1166	B1353
D2237	H0691	H0813
M1379	P1071	P1070
N0524	B1334	P0404
T1402

Naphthalonitriles

N0578	D2009	D2282
D2434	D2027	D1977
B1390

Others

T1472	D2148	D2281
D1751	A1292	D2026
D2270	D2271	D2269
P1218

Phthalocyanines

T1256	P0887	P0774
P1018	P0355	P1795
C1167	P1005	P1006
P1049	P0766	P0996
S0363	P1024	P0997
P0655	P0973	P0767