Electroluminescence

Recent studies have been made on electroluminescence (EL) of organic compounds where light emission occurs upon application of a voltage. Since Tang reported multilayered organic EL devices in 1987, related research and development has rapidly progressed. Today, there are some which are put in practical use. Organic EL devices have characteristic features such as spontaneous emission, low-voltage driving force, no dependence on view angles, high-speed response properties, and high brightness. They are expected to be useful as flat panel display materials.
The multilayered organic EL devices consist of a hole transport layer, electron transport layer and emitter layer and depending on the combination, either the hole transport layer or electron transport layer may serve dually as the emitter layer. Emission wavelengths are controlled by doping trace amounts of fluorescent dyes in the emitter layer. Furthermore, the polymer-type EL devices such as light-emitting polymers and polymers dispersed with low-molecular weight fluorescent compounds are being studied because of ease of processing.

P1766 P1766 T0168 T0168 B2079 B2079
B3146 B3146 D2144 D2144 T1934 T1934
B1066 B1066 B1554 B1554 D2757 D2757
D1429 D1429 B1767 B1767 B2696 B2696
P0972 P0972 P0984 P0984 B2088 B2088
D3739 D3739 B1564 B1564 B2676 B2676
B2713 B2713 B2269 B2269 B2305 B2305
D3302 D3302 D3303 D3303 D1910 D1910
D2347 D2347 D2849 D2849 A1340 A1340
N0610 N0610 T0561 T0561 T2233 T2233
D1689 D1689 B1549 B1549 B2654 B2654
B2694 B2694 B2695 B2695 B1677 B1677
B1678 B1678 B2077 B2077 B2078 B2078
C0386 C0386 C1961 C1961 T1358 T1358
T2004 T2004 B1336 B1336 D2687 D2687
D3227 D3227 D2448 D2448 D3236 D3236
T2269 T2269 T1812 T1812 V0021 V0021
N0659 N0659 Q0001 Q0001 Q0018 Q0018
S0220 S0220 T0020 T0020 P0078 P0078
P1629 P1629 P0079 P0079 P0331 P0331
P1005 P1005 P1006 P1006 P0656 P0656
Q0057 Q0057 T1735 T1735 T1527 T1527
T2238 T2238
P1766 (1,10-Phenanthroline)tris[4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedionato]europium(III)
T0168 1,1,4,4-Tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene
B2079 1,1-Bis[4-[N,N-di(p-tolyl)amino]phenyl]cyclohexane
B3146 1,1-Bis[4-[N,N-di(p-tolyl)amino]phenyl]cyclohexane (refined product of B2079)
D2144 1,2-Dichlorotetramethyldisilane
T1934 1,3,5-Tri(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzene (purified by sublimation)
B1066 2,5-Bis(4'-diethylaminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole
B1554 2,5-Bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene
D2757 2,5-Di(1-naphthyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole
D1429 2,5-Diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole
B1767 2-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-5-(4-biphenylyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole
B2696 2-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-5-(4-biphenylyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (refined product of B1767)
P0972 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride
P0984 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Diimide
B2088 3-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-7-(diethylamino)coumarin
D3739 3-(Diphenylamino)dibenzo[g,p]chrysene
B1564 4,4'-Bis(5-methyl-2-benzoxazolyl)stilbene
B2676 4,4'-Bis(5-methyl-2-benzoxazolyl)stilbene (refined product of B1564)
B2713 4,4'-Bis(9H-carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl
B2269 4,4'-Bis[di(3,5-xylyl)amino]-4''-phenyltriphenylamine
B2305 4,4'-Bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]-4''-phenyltriphenylamine
D3302 4,4'-Dibromo-4''-cyclohexyltriphenylamine
D3303 4,4'-Dibromo-4''-phenyltriphenylamine
D1910 4,4'-Dibromotriphenylamine
D2347 4,4'-Dimethyltriphenylamine
D2849 4-(Dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran
A1340 4-Amino-p-terphenyl
N0610 4-Nitro-p-terphenyl
T0561 5,6,11,12-Tetraphenylnaphthacene
T2233 5,6,11,12-Tetraphenylnaphthacene (refined product of T0561)
D1689 9,10-Diphenylanthracene
B1549 9,9-Bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene
B2654 9,9-Bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene (refined product of B1549)
B2694 Bathocuproine (refined product of D0711)
B2695 Bathophenanthroline (refined product of D0905)
B1677 Bis(8-quinolinolato) Copper(II)
B1678 Bis(8-quinolinolato)zinc(II) Hydrate
B2077 Bis[2-(2-benzothiazolyl)phenolato]zinc(II)
B2078 Bis[2-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenolato]zinc(II)
C0386 Coronene
C1961 Coronene (refined product of C0386)
T1358 meso-Tetraphenylchlorin
T2004 N,N'-Bis(3-biphenylyl)-N,N'-bis(p-terphenyl-3-yl)benzidine
B1336 N,N'-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine
D2687 N,N'-Dimethylquinacridone
D3227 N,N'-Dimethylquinacridone (refined product of D2687)
D2448 N,N'-Diphenyl-N,N'-di(m-tolyl)benzidine [for Electroluminescence]
D3236 N,N'-Diphenyl-N,N'-di(m-tolyl)benzidine (refined product of D2448)
T2269 N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis(p-tolyl)benzidine
T1812 N,N,N',N'-Tetraphenylbenzidine
V0021 N-Vinylcarbazole
N0659 Nile Red
Q0001 p-Quaterphenyl
Q0018 p-Quinquephenyl
S0220 p-Sexiphenyl
T0020 p-Terphenyl
P0078 Perylene
P1629 Perylene (refined product of P0078)
P0079 Phenanthrene
P0331 Phenanthrene Zone Refined (number of passes:30)
P1005 Phthalocyanine Copper (alpha-form)
P1006 Phthalocyanine Copper (beta-form)
P0656 Poly(N-vinylcarbazole)
Q0057 Quinacridone
Q0083 Quinacridone (purified by sublimation)
T1735 Tris(1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedionato)(1,10-phenanthroline)europium(III)
T1527 Tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum
T2238 Tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum (refined product of T1527)
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Purification just before use is recommended.

Anthracenes


Anthraquinones


Carbazoles


Fluorenes


Fluorenones


Porphyrins


Phthalocyanines


Pyrenes


Reagents for Conducting Polymer Research


Dichlorosilanes (for Polysilanes)

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Literature

C. W. Tang, S. A. VanSlyke, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1987, 51, 913.
C. Adachi, T. Tsutsui, S. Saito, ibid., 1990, 56, 799.
J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, R. H. Friend, P. L. Burns, A. B. Holmes, Nature, 1990, 347, 539.
R. H. Friend, R. W. Gymer, A. B. Holmes, J. H. Burroughes, R. N. Marks, C. Taliani, D. D. C. Bradley, D. A. Dos Santos, J. L. Brédas, M. Lögdlund, W. R. Salaneck, ibid., 1999, 397, 121.
S. Seki, S. Miyashita, Oyo Butsuri, 2001, 70, 70.
J. Kido, ibid., 2001, 70, 333.
K. Hachise, N. Takada, N. Tanigaki, ibid., 2001, 70, 455.

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